Workers performing cybersecurity functions at healthcare and public health facilities, who cannot practically work remotely. Workers who conduct community-based public health functions, conducting epidemiologic surveillance, compiling, analyzing and communicating public health information, who can not practically work remotely. Workers that manage health plans, billing, and health information, who can not practically work remotely. Blood and plasma donors and the employees of the organizations that operate and manage related activities. Public health/community health workers, including those who compile, model, analyze and communicate public health information. Manufacturers, technicians, logistics and warehouse operators, and distributors of medical equipment, personal protective equipment (PPE), medical gases, pharmaceuticals, blood and blood products, vaccines, testing materials, laboratory supplies, cleaning, sanitizing, disinfecting or sterilization supplies, and tissue and paper towel products. Workers in other medical facilities (including Ambulatory Health and Surgical, Blood Banks, Clinics, Community Mental Health, Comprehensive Outpatient rehabilitation, End Stage Renal Disease, Health Departments, Home Health care, Hospices, Hospitals, Long Term Care, Organ Pharmacies, Procurement Organizations, Psychiatric Residential, Rural Health Clinics and Federally Qualified Health Centers). Hospital and laboratory personnel (including accounting, administrative, admitting and discharge, engineering, epidemiological, source plasma and blood donation, food service, housekeeping, medical records, information technology and operational technology, nutritionists, sanitarians, respiratory therapists, etc.). Caregivers (e.g., physicians, dentists, psychologists, mid-level practitioners, nurses and assistants, infection control and quality assurance personnel, pharmacists, physical and occupational therapists and assistants, social workers, speech pathologists and diagnostic and therapeutic technicians and technologists). Workers providing COVID-19 testing Workers that perform critical clinical research needed for COVID-19 response. On March 19, 2020, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) released a memo that outlined "the critical infrastructure sectors and the essential workers needed to maintain the services and functions Americans depend on daily and that need to be able to operate resiliently during the COVID-19 pandemic response." It defined essential businesses as those operating in the following industries: Many states, however, used a baseline provided by a federal agency as a guide to the businesses that fell into each category. The exact definitions of essential and nonessential businesses varied from state to state. 5 Arguments about lockdown and stay-at-home ordersĭefining critical industries, essential, and nonessential businessesĪs part of a stay-at-home order, governors defined either essential businesses (businesses that must remain open) or nonessential businesses (businesses that must close). 1 Defining critical industries, essential, and nonessential businesses. Arguments about lockdown and stay-at-home orders. A definition of essential and nonessential businesses. For more information on the states that did not issue a stay-at-home order, click here. It no longer receives regular updates, and is preserved here for archival purposes.įor more information on the states that issued stay-at-home orders, click here. This page was last updated on December 4, 2020. 3, every state had lifted its initial stay-at-home order. 
The first governors to lift their stay-at-home orders were Mike Dunleavy (R), who did so on April 24, and Jared Polis (D-Colo.) and Steve Bullock (D-Mont.), who did so on April 26. Although the specifics of each order varied from state to state, they each required residents staying home and businesses closing statewide. Governors in 42 other states issued similar orders. This made California the first state to implement a stay-at-home order.
Gavin Newsom (D) issued an order directing all residents to stay at home except for trips for essential supplies and closing all businesses deemed nonessential by the state.
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